Aerobic exercise such as running, swimming or dancing can serve as a frontline treatment for mild depression and anxiety, researchers say. A major review published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine found the strongest benefits in young adults and new mothers, groups at higher risk of mental health problems.
Scientists analysed 63 reviews covering nearly 80,000 people. Activities included aerobic workouts, resistance training, yoga and tai chi. Aerobic exercise that raised heart rates produced the greatest improvements in depression, while anxiety also improved, though to a lesser degree. Group and supervised sessions delivered additional gains, suggesting social connection enhances the mental health benefits.
Neil Munro of James Cook University said exercise can match or even exceed traditional treatments for mild cases. However, Brendon Stubbs from King’s College London cautioned that findings apply mainly to mild symptoms and should not replace therapy or medication for more severe depression. Michael Bloomfield of University College London added that exercise works best as a complement to established treatments rather than a substitute.
