A new study has found widespread contamination of cereal-based foods across Europe with a toxic “forever chemical” linked to serious health risks. Research by Pesticide Action Network Europe (PAN) revealed that breakfast cereals contained, on average, 100 times more trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) than typical levels found in tap water.
TFA forms when pesticides containing PFAS — a group of long-lasting industrial chemicals — break down in soil. PFAS, used in manufacturing since the 1950s, can persist in the environment for centuries, accumulating in water, crops and food chains. TFA is classified as reprotoxic, meaning it can affect fertility, foetal development, and reproductive health. Studies have also linked it to thyroid, liver and immune problems.
Researchers analysed 65 cereal products from 16 European countries and detected TFA in more than 80% of samples. Wheat-based foods were most affected. The highest concentrations were found in Irish breakfast cereal, followed by Belgian and German wholemeal bread, and French baguettes. The chemical appeared across everyday products including pasta, croissants, bread, biscuits and even cheese scones.
Campaigners say current safety regulations are inadequate, noting that governments do not routinely monitor TFA in food. PAN Europe is calling for tighter limits and a ban on PFAS pesticides to prevent further contamination.
Although the UK was not included, the findings are relevant: Britain still uses 27 PFAS-based pesticide ingredients, six of which are considered highly hazardous. Researchers warn that without action, PFAS pollution will continue to enter food chains, posing long-term risks to public health.
